Guru Nanak Dev Ji, the founder of Sikhism and the first of the ten Sikh Gurus, was born on 15 April 1469 in Rai Bhoi di Talwandi, now known as Nankana Sahib in present-day Pakistan. His life was a message — one that transcended religions, cultures, and centuries. He lived not to establish a sect, but to remind humanity of a simple truth: “There is one God, and all are equal before Him.”
Early Life
Guru Nanak was born to Mehta Kalu, a village accountant, and Mata Tripta, a deeply spiritual woman. From an early age, Nanak showed signs of wisdom and curiosity that were far beyond his years. Instead of following formal rituals, he often questioned them, seeking the essence of truth behind every practice.
When other children were playing, Nanak spent his time in contemplation, asking questions about life, creation, and the purpose of existence. His teacher, amazed by his insight, once said, “This child will one day enlighten the world.”
Divine Experience and Mission
At the age of 30, while bathing in the River Bein, Guru Nanak disappeared for three days. People thought he had drowned. But when he returned, his face shone with divine radiance. His first words were:
“Na koi Hindu, na Musalman — There is neither Hindu nor Muslim.”
It wasn’t a denial of religion; it was a call for unity. He had realized that all paths lead to the same divine truth and that divisions among people were created by ignorance, not by God.
From that moment, he began his mission to spread the message of truth, equality, and oneness.
The Four Udasis (Journeys)
Guru Nanak undertook long spiritual journeys across India, Tibet, Arabia, and Persia — known as Udasis. He travelled with his companion Bhai Mardana, spreading his teachings through dialogue and song.
He visited holy sites of Hindus, Muslims, Buddhists, and Jains — not to convert, but to converse. Wherever he went, he challenged blind rituals, caste discrimination, and hypocrisy. He taught that honest living (Kirat Karo), sharing with others (Vand Chhako), and remembering God (Naam Japo) are the true ways of life.
Core Teachings
Guru Nanak’s philosophy can be summed up in a few timeless principles:
- Ik Onkar – There is one eternal God, present in all creation.
- Naam Japo – Meditate on the divine name.
- Kirat Karo – Earn an honest livelihood through hard work.
- Vand Chhako – Share with others, especially those in need.
- Equality and Justice – All humans are equal; no caste or gender is superior.
He strongly opposed the oppression of women and said,
“Why call her inferior, when she gives birth to kings?”
Establishment of Kartarpur
After years of travel, Guru Nanak settled in Kartarpur, on the banks of the Ravi River (now in Pakistan). There he built a community where everyone, regardless of caste or religion, worked, prayed, and ate together in harmony. This practice of Langar — the community kitchen — continues to this day in every Gurdwara around the world.
Final Years and Legacy
Guru Nanak passed away on 22 September 1539 at Kartarpur. His followers, both Hindus and Muslims, disputed how to honor him — one wanted to cremate, the other to bury. But when they lifted the cloth covering his body, they found only flowers beneath. Half were buried, half were cremated — a final symbol of unity.
His teachings were compiled in the Guru Granth Sahib, the holy scripture of Sikhism. Guru Nanak’s light continues to shine through his message of humility, equality, and love.
Guru Nanak’s Relevance Today
In an age divided by religion, politics, and ego, Guru Nanak’s message remains as fresh and powerful as ever. He did not preach escape from the world; he taught how to live in the world — truthfully, fearlessly, and compassionately.
Let’s honor Guru Nanak Jayanti by learning, reflecting, and sharing his wisdom.
You can test your knowledge about his life and teachings in our special quiz:
👉 Take the Guru Nanak Quiz